COVID

The COVID-19 crisis re-shaped many livelihood options and placed significant burdens on those with precarious incomes exacerbating persisting vulnerabilities, especially among a large section of the migrant population. This group faced a dual threat - both to their livelihood and health. To understand the consequences of this pandemic on the income of the migrant population, a household level survey was conducted in the state of Bihar, India, which is one of the highest migrant-sending states. We examine the role of differences in the socio-economic status of migrants and their households in determining the extent of vulnerability caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Vulnerability is proxied by the income lost by migrants during the lockdown. The results suggest that households with diversified income portfolio, larger landholdings, and those receiving government benefits suffered significantly lower income loss whereas, larger household size and greater distance from town tended to escalate income loss. Additionally, private salaried workers faced higher income loss and an increment in years of education lowers the losses significantly. It is observed that individual-level characteristics also played a significant role in determining economic loss due to the lockdown. Our findings suggest a binding necessity to actively shape policies considering the financial insecurity of vulnerable migrants at their destination and the household members at the origin.

Methodical Approach to Inactivate Any Microbial Element like SARS-CoV2.

The proposed paper discusses Far UVC could assassinate microbes without harming healthy tissues. The plasma ion generation will increase the ion (O2 -) generation in abundance along with hydrogen ion (H+), and at the same time, the negative hydroxyl radical (OH-) formed will merge with the positive (H+) ion of the virus to break the structure of it. The silver nanoparticle which is present in the diffuser with thermostat support is very effective for destroying the microbial elements by heating the gel present within the diffuser. The gel will mix in the environment, and it will also increase the activity of T cell generation and act as an immunoglobulin booster in the human body while inhaling it. In the proposed device, we are using warm humidified CO2 strategic therapy in low dose which is able to suppress any microbial element like SARS-CoV2.